l-carnitine cycle effect on menstrual An Overview of the Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Nutrient Metabolism: An Integrative Perspective Proposed pathways for acetyl-CoA distribution

Abbreviations AIM2: Absent in Melanoma 2 ACP: Acid phosphatase AD: Atopic dermatitis AKP: Alkaline phosphatase ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase Increase AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase Increase AQP mRNA: Aquaporin mRNA ATF4: Activating Transcription Factor 4 Arf1: ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 ALA: Alpha-Linolenic Acid ARA: Arachidonic Acid AMP: Adenosine Monophosphate ACP: Acid Phosphatase AKP: Alkaline Phosphatase AAs: Amino Acids Acetyl-CoA: Acetyl Coenzyme A AhRs: Aryl hydrocarbon receptors AMP: Antimicrobial peptide AhR: Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor BAs: Bile Acids B/F: Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes COL1A1: Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain C3: Complement Component 3 C4: Complement Component 4 CCR9B: C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 9b (zebrafish homolog) CAT: Catalase COXIV: Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit IV CDH2: Cadherin-2 CXCL11: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11 CLEC10A: C-Type Lectin Receptor 10 A CHIT: Chitinase CLEC17A: C-Type Lectin Domain Family 17 COL: Collagen COL1A2: Collagen Type I Alpha 2 Chain CD80: Cluster of Differentiation 80 Caspase-3: Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 CLEC10A: C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10 Member A CMP: Cytidine Monophosphate CDH2: Cadherin-2 (N-Cadherin) CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid DAO: Diamine oxidase D-Lac: D-lactic acid DHA: Docosahexaenoic Acid ERK1: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 ECM: Extracellular matrix FTH: Ferritin Heavy FKBP1: FK506 Binding Protein 1 FXR: Farnesoid X receptor GMP: Guanosine Monophosphate GTP: Guanosine Triphosphate GALT: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue GPCRs: G-protein-coupled receptors GSDMD: Gasdermin D GC: Granulocyte GST: Glutathione S-Transferase GPCR: G-Protein-Coupled Receptor HO-1: Heme Oxygenase-1 HDL: High-Density Lipoprotein HYOU1: Hypoxia Up-Regulated 1 Hc: Hemolysin HDAC: Histone Deacetylase IgA: Immunoglobulin A IFN-: Interferon-gamma IL-6: Interleukin-6 IKK: IB Kinase Beta IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease I3A: Indole-3-aldehyde IPyr: Indole pyruvate IPA: Indole-3-propionic acid I3A: Indole-3-aldehyde Klf4: Krppel-Like Factor 4 Keap1: Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 LAMA: Laminin Subunit Alpha LPS: Lipopolysaccharide LYZ: Lysozyme LCA: Lithocholic acid MALT: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue MAIT: Mucosal-associated invariant T MAC: Membrane attack complex Mep1: Metalloproteinase 1 Beta MyD88: Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88 MPO: Myeloperoxidase MCFD2: Multiple Coagulation Factor Deficiency Protein 2 MDA: Malondialdehyde Muc2: Mucin 2 MMP9: Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 NRF1: Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 Nrf2: Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 NLRP3: NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 NF-BP65: Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p65 subunit) OCLN: Occludin PPO2: Prophenoloxidase PIGR: Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor PVEC: Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells PVEC: Portal Vein Endothelial Cell PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PDCD6IP: Programmed Cell Death 6 Interacting Protein PRRs: Pattern recognition receptors ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species RTN1: Reticulon 1 Retnlb: Resistin-Like Beta SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids SOD: Superoxide dismutase SGC: Semi-granulocyte Serum TBA: Serum Total Bile Acids Increase SPP1: Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 S

(3) high root-zone temperature treatment (HT): root-zone was heated to 35 1 C by heater stick

The lipotropic compounds target the fat in the liver to eliminate or burn the fat for energy

Aggarwal BB, Gupta SC, Sung B